Women's study by Dr. Hameedabanu

As per 2011 census, the poverty rate in India was 21.9% and the unemployment rate was  8.22 percent. India is often classified as a developing country, and this designation largely stems from persistent issues such as poverty and unemployment. Despite being one of the fastest-growing major economies in the world, India faces significant socio-economic challenges that hinder its overall development. Poverty in India Poverty remains a critical issue in India, affecting millions of people across urban and rural areas. While there has been progress in reducing the poverty rate over the past few decades, a substantial proportion of the population still lives below the poverty line. According to recent estimates, nearly 22% of India’s population lives in poverty. This widespread poverty is characterized by lack of access to basic necessities such as clean water, nutritious food, healthcare, and education. Rural areas, in particular, suffer from severe poverty due to limited econom...

  Human rights are based on values that keep society fair, just and equal. They include the right to life, the right to health and the right to freedom from torture Human rights violations refer to the infringement of fundamental rights and freedoms guaranteed to all individuals, regardless of nationality, ethnicity, gender, religion, or other status. These rights are outlined in international documents such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and various treaties, conventions, and national laws. Civil and political rights violations include arbitrary detention and imprisonment, where individuals are detained without due process or a fair trial, and torture and inhumane treatment, where people are subjected to physical or psychological harm by state or non-state actors. Suppression of freedom of speech and assembly is another form of violation, where governments restrict the rights to express opinions, protest, or gather peacefully. Economic, social, and cu...

  Around 90 percent of the world's population had completed a primary education in 2020, whereas 66 percent had attained a secondary education. Post-secondary education, also known as tertiary education, refers to all educational pursuits following the completion of high school or secondary school. This critical stage in the educational journey includes a wide range of programs designed to provide advanced knowledge, specialized skills, and professional qualifications. Types of Post-Secondary Education: 1.       Colleges and Universities: o     Undergraduate Programs: These include associate degrees (typically two years) and bachelor's degrees (usually four years). They offer broad education and specialization in various fields. o     Graduate Programs: These include master's degrees, professional degrees (such as law or medicine), and doctoral degrees (Ph.D.), focusing on advanced study and research in specific areas...

  over 75% of the healthcare infrastructure is in metro cities, which are home to only 27% of the total population. Healthcare access, the ability to obtain and use health services when needed, is fundamental to public health. Ensuring equitable access to healthcare is crucial for improving health outcomes and reducing disparities among different populations. Several factors influence healthcare access, including geographic location, socioeconomic status, and availability of healthcare providers. Rural areas often need more medical facilities and professionals, leading to longer travel times and delayed care. In contrast, urban areas may have a higher concentration of healthcare services, but disparities still exist, particularly for low-income and marginalized communities. Economic barriers are a major impediment to healthcare access. Even in countries with advanced healthcare systems, out-of-pocket costs for services, medications, and insurance premiums can be prohibitively h...

  Unemployment refers to the situation where individuals who are capable of working, actively seeking work and willing to work are unable to find employment. It is a key economic indicator reflecting the health of an economy and encompasses various types, including frictional, structural, and cyclical unemployment. Unemployment can have significant social, economic, and psychological impacts on individuals and communities. The digital age has brought about unprecedented technological advancements, with automation and artificial intelligence (AI) at the forefront. While these innovations promise increased efficiency and productivity, they also pose significant challenges to the labor market, leading to concerns about rising unemployment. Automation refers to the use of machinery and technology to perform tasks that were previously done by humans. AI, a subset of automation, involves machines learning from data to make decisions or perform tasks autonomously. Together, they are t...

  Inequality is the uneven distribution of resources, opportunities, and privileges among individuals or groups within a society. This disparity manifests in several key areas, significantly impacting the quality of life and social cohesion. Inequality is a deeply ingrained issue that affects societies worldwide, shaping the lives and opportunities of individuals across various dimensions. At its core, inequality involves uneven distribution of resources, opportunities, and privileges, leading to significant wealth, education, health, and social status disparities. Economic inequality is perhaps the most evident, characterized by a vast divide between the wealthy and the poor. This gap often results in limited access to essential services such as quality education, healthcare, and housing for those on the lower end of the economic spectrum. Consequently, poverty becomes entrenched, making it difficult for individuals to improve their living conditions. Social inequality is cl...

  Fear originates in your mind but triggers a strong physical reaction in your body Fear is a fundamental human emotion, designed to protect us from danger and ensure survival. It arises from our brain's recognition of a threat, triggering the "fight or flight" response. This primal reaction prepares our body to either confront or flee from perceived danger, causing physiological changes like increased heart rate, rapid breathing, and heightened alertness. Fear can be both helpful and harmful. On one hand, it keeps us safe by alerting us to real dangers, such as avoiding risky behaviors or escaping life-threatening situations. On the other hand, fear can become detrimental when it is disproportionate to the actual threat or when it hinders our daily lives. Common fears include those of failure, rejection, and the unknown, which can limit our potential and prevent us from pursuing goals and forming meaningful relationships. Understanding and managing fear is crucial fo...

  9.2% or about 700 million people, live in extreme poverty in the world.   Poverty is a multifaceted condition characterized by severe deprivation of basic human needs, including food, safe drinking water, sanitation facilities, health, shelter, education, and information. It encompasses a lack of income and material resources and a lack of access to opportunities, services, and essential rights. Economic metrics commonly measure poverty, such as living on less than $1.90 a day, which is the World Bank's international poverty line. However, it is also understood through a broader lens that includes social, political, and environmental dimensions. Relative poverty, for instance, is defined by how an individual's income compares to the median income in a given society, highlighting the issue of inequality. The causes of poverty are diverse and interlinked. They include systemic economic instability, lack of employment opportunities, inadequate education systems, and socia...

Photo on 13 May 2024 at Sai park Market.   The photos above depict Sakku Bai, a dedicated vendor at the Saipark Weekly Market, who has been vending for last five years. These women vendors, including Sakku Bai, face immense struggles and work tirelessly, earning a meager daily income of only Rs 100 to Rs 200. Daily Struggles and Discrimination Sakku Bai and her fellow vendors set up their stalls beside the bustling Sai Park Road, which remains busy until late at night. Every Monday, this market operates from 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM in Vijayapura. Women vendors arrive early in the morning and sit for 8 to 9 hours, working hard to sell their commodities. The market is located 8 kilometers from the city center, on the outskirts of Vijayapura. These women travel from various parts of Vijayapura city, usually by auto rickshaw, to reach the market on Mondays. Despite their hard work, they often face gender discrimination and harassment from authorities, making it even harder to se...